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What Is Cardiomyopathy?

Cardiomyopathy is a disease of the heart muscle that leads to a weaker heart that is less able to pump blood through the body.

The result can be heart failure, arrhythmias (irregular heartbeat) and heart valve conditions.

Norton Heart & Vascular Institute is a regional leader for treating patients with cardiomyopathy conditions. Our board-certified and fellowship-trained cardiologists and other specialists in the Norton Heart & Vascular Institute Advanced Heart Failure & Recovery Program are at the leading edge of advanced treatments for cardiomyopathy.

Cardiomyopathy in children can be inherited, the result of a viral infection or from an unknown cause. The specialists at Norton Children’s Heart Institute provide sophisticated cardiomyopathy care for children from across Kentucky, Southern Indiana and beyond.

Types of Cardiomyopathy

  • Dilated cardiomyopathy, the most common type of cardiomyopathy, affects the pumping chambers of the heart (ventricles). The heart muscle stretches and thins — dilates — with the inside of the heart chamber enlarging and becoming less efficient pumping blood.
  • Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy is typically an inherited tendency for the left ventricle to contract and become thicker. As the heart muscle thickens, less blood is taken in and pumped out to the body. The condition often appears in childhood or early adulthood and can cause sudden death in adolescents and young athletes.
  • Arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy is a result of scar tissue replacing healthy heart tissue and causing arrhythmia.
  • Restrictive cardiomyopathy is also known as idiopathic cardiomyopathy or infiltrative cardiomyopathy. Typically in older adults, scar tissue can replace healthy muscle and make the heart ventricles stiff, restricting their ability to fill with blood.

Cardiomyopathy Symptoms

Sometimes cardiomyopathy causes no symptoms, or symptoms emerge as the disease progresses. Symptoms can include:

  • Irregular heartbeat or palpitations
  • Fainting, or syncope
  • Fatigue
  • Shortness of breath
  • Swelling in the ankles and legs

Cardiomyopathy Treatment

At the Advanced Heart Failure & Recovery Program we use advanced treatments to try to slow the progress of cardiomyopathy and control the symptoms.

We start by working with you on dietary changes and other lifestyle adjustments, such as physical activity, stress reduction and reduction of alcohol and other drugs. We often have success with lifestyle changes in conjunction with medication.

In addition to medication, implanted devices such as a pacemaker or a cardioverter-defibrillator (either implanted or wearable) can control abnormal heart rhythms (arrhythmia). Your Advanced Heart Failure & Recovery Program provider may use a sophisticated device to remotely monitor your blood flow daily for subtle changes that can signal a worsening condition.

Our cardiologists may use minimally invasive procedures, such as ablations that carefully destroy small parts of diseased heart to restore blood flow or interrupt abnormal heart rhythms.

In some cases, surgery to remove the thickened part of muscle between the two ventricles is required to improve blood flow through the heart.

Our surgeons have experience and sophisticated training with ventricular assist devices, if necessary as either a long-term solution or a short-term bridge to a heart transplant.

Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy

Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy is typically an inherited heart disease which makes the muscle of the left ventricle thicker than normal. The increased heart muscle thickness sometimes reduces the flow of blood out of the heart through the outflow tract resulting in chest pain, shortness of breath, loss of consciousness, fatigue or palpitations. It can cause sudden death in adolescents and young athletes. The condition often appears in childhood, early adulthood or later in life.

As a leader in cardiomyopathy treatment, our providers seek to provide the most advanced treatment options to patients ,including medication. For the most advanced conditions, including hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, our team has the knowledge and resources to provide innovative medication and support the patient’s insurance approval process.

About Norton Heart & Vascular Institute

Norton Heart & Vascular Institute offers advanced care at all of our adult-service hospitals to save hearts and lives.

Awards and Accreditations

  • All of Norton Healthcare’s adult-service hospitals in Louisville have received Chest Pain Center accreditation from the American College of Cardiology (ACC).
  • Norton Audubon Hospital has been named a HeartCare Center National Distinction of Excellence year after year by the American College of Cardiology. This is the only hospital in Louisville to be recognized for this distinction.
  • Norton Audubon Hospital, Norton Brownsboro Hospital and Norton Hospital all are recognized as having ACC Chest Pain Center with Primary PCI accreditation.
  • Norton Audubon Hospital earned ventricular assist device (VAD) accreditation from DNV and the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services.

Leading the Region in Advanced Care

  • First in Louisville to implant a dual-chamber leadless pacemaker
  • First in Louisville to use PASCAL and MitraClip to replace and repair heart valves
  • First health care system in Louisville to offer CathWorks FFRangio System in a minimally invasive procedure used to treat clogged arteries and advance heart disease
  • Highest survival rate in the nation for  extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) interventions treating heart failure
  • Among the highest survival rates in the nation for treatment of cardiogenic shock in heart failure
  • Over 100 transcarotid artery revascularization (TCAR) procedures performed for heart disease patients
  • System with the most facilities across the city of Louisville with the ability treat a life-threatening heart attack
  • More than 100 board-certified physicians and advanced practice providers with specialized heart and vascular training and experience at nearly 30 locations in Louisville and Southern Indiana

Comprehensive Heart Care for the Whole Person

Norton Heart & Vascular Institute offers patient resources to support you and your family, including free classes for people of all ages who want to improve cardiovascular health or are living with a heart condition.

  • Cardiac rehabilitation: Our cardiac rehabilitation providers are leaders in developing and applying innovative techniques that can help you recover and resume your life.
  • Connecting Hearts for Support group: The group provides education and support to individuals who have had a heart attack, are living with a heart condition or are at risk for cardiovascular disease.
  • Heart health screenings: Prevention is the best way to manage heart disease, and screenings are available to detect early signs of cardiac and vascular disease and identify risk factors.

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