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Lung cancer cells typically start growing in the linings of air passages, sometimes deep in the lungs. Uncontrolled cell growth forms a tumor that may grow undetected, since the lungs have relatively few nerve endings to cause pain or other symptoms.

Advancements in lung screenings for those at high risk, clinical research and treatment have contributed to significant increases in lung cancer survival — up 26% over five years, according to the American Lung Association. When detected early, the 20-year survival rate is as high as 81%, according to a 2023 study.

Lung cancer can start in the air passages and spread (metastasize) to other parts of the body. Cancers that start elsewhere in the body also can spread to the lungs.

While tobacco smoke is a leading risk factor for lung cancer, anyone can get it. Radon, an odorless and colorless gas that can accumulate in homes, is the leading cause of lung cancer among nonsmokers in the United States.

Lung Cancer Expertise Closer to Home

As frequent leaders of clinical trials into new therapies, Norton Cancer Institute’s specialists can offer access to new drugs and treatments before they’re approved for wider use. As researchers, our physicians are often more experienced than others with a new therapy once it’s approved for widespread use.

If you get a lung cancer diagnosis, you want to start getting better right away. Norton Cancer Institute offers same-day appointments for newly diagnosed patients.

Our board-certified and fellowship-trained physicians practice at more than 10 offices in the Louisville area — from Madison, Indiana, to West Louisville and from Corydon, Indiana, to Shelbyville, Kentucky — as well as infusion centers, resource centers and a specialized women’s cancer practice in downtown Louisville.

The Norton Cancer Institute Comprehensive Lung Center gives eligible patients access to the latest in lung cancer screenings, same-day follow-up appointments with a medical oncologist following a confirmed cancer diagnosis, and fast access to treatment and support services. It was the first Bonnie J. Addario Lung Cancer Foundation Center of Excellence in Kentucky.

Signs of Lung Cancer

Lung cancer cells can grow for years without causing any symptoms. Early lung cancer symptoms often can appear to be similar to less-serious conditions. See a medical professional if you have a cough that won’t go away, have unusual shortness of breath, are coughing up blood or have extreme fatigue.

If you are at high risk or have a family history of lung cancer, talk to your primary care provider about a low-dose CT lung cancer screening that can reveal cancer cells in the airways.

A cough or pneumonia that keeps coming back after treatment sometimes can be an early sign of lung cancer. 

Lung cancer signs can include:

  • Difficulty breathing or shortness of breath, even without activity
  • Persistent cough or one that gets worse over time
  • Wheezing
  • Hoarseness
  • Chest pain, pressure or discomfort
  • Difficulty taking a full breath in
  • Coughing up blood
  • Loss of appetite
  • Unexplained weight loss
  • Tiredness even with adequate rest
  • Swelling in the neck, face, arms or upper chest area

Frequent lung infections can be associated with progressing lung cancer, as a tumor may obstruct airways or weaken the immune system.

Lung Cancer Risk Factors

  • Smoking is the biggest risk factor for lung cancer. Risk increases along with the number of cigarettes smoked per day and the number of years, but even smoking occasionally increases the risk of lung cancer, according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.
  • Quitting smoking at any age decreases risk. Still, the risk of lung cancer is higher for former smokers than others. Your risk will decline based on how long and how heavily you smoked.
  • Nonsmokers who regularly are exposed to secondhand smoke are at increased risk. Indeed, secondhand smoke is the third leading cause of lung cancer in the United States.
  • Radon exposure is the second biggest cause of lung cancer.
  • Workplace exposure to substances such as asbestos, arsenic, chromium, soot, tar, diesel exhaust and others increases risk.
  • Other risk factors include previous radiation therapy to the chest for cancers such as Hodgkin lymphoma or breast cancer, lung cancer in a close family member, older age and air pollution can increase the risk.

Types of Lung Cancer

There are two main types of lung cancer:

Non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is the most common, accounting for about 80% to 85% of all lung cancers. Examples of non-small-cell lung cancers include adenocarcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma and large-cell carcinoma. Adenocarcinoma is a common type of lung cancer in nonsmokers.

Small-cell lung cancer (SCLC) accounts for nearly all the other lung cancers. It tends to grow and spread quickly.

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Jackie is living each day to its fullest because she followed her friend’s advice and called for a second opinion, even though she liked her first doctor and the facility’s reputation.

Lung Cancer Treatment

Norton Cancer Institute uses the latest equipment and procedures to make a precise diagnosis of your lung cancer and provide a customized treatment plan.

Our oncologists can evaluate masses painlessly with ultrasound or magnetic resonance imaging. When a biopsy is needed to retrieve tissue to precisely diagnose your lung cancer, we use minimally invasive robotic-assisted bronchoscopy. This allows surgeons to access often difficult-to-reach parts of the lung where airways are tiny, reducing the need for major surgery.

Your comprehensive care team of physicians and other health care providers meets regularly to review your case and plan the next steps. Our Norton Cancer Institute Comprehensive Lung Center uses a multidisciplinary team approach. Our center allows you to see your oncologist, surgeon, radiation oncologist, counselor, nutritionist and other members of your care team all in one visit. No other facility in town offers the same seamless cancer care.

Lung cancer treatment will depend on a broad range of factors, including the type of lung cancer, the stage or size of the tumor, your overall health and any specific characterizations of the tumor, such as genetic mutations or protein markers that make the cancer vulnerable to targeted therapies.

In general, there are some common techniques considered for treating lung cancer.

Surgery to remove the tumor and possibly surrounding tissue is typically the first line of treatment for early-stage lung cancers. Some or all of the lung may be removed, often with minimally invasive techniques or robotic-assisted surgery for precision and faster recovery.

Radiation therapy uses high-energy beams to kill cancer cells. Radiation therapy can target disease tissue precisely by converging multiple beams of energy on a single spot. Stereotactic body radiation therapy is a highly focused type of radiation for small tumors.

Radiation may be the first line of treatment for early non-small-cell lung cancer if surgery isn’t an option. It also may be used to shrink a tumor before surgery or after surgery to kill any remaining cancer cells. Radiation is also used in combination with chemotherapy for more advanced cancer.

Chemotherapy drugs kill cancer cells throughout the body and can be used before surgery, after surgery or as the main treatment for advanced non-small-cell lung cancer.

Targeted therapies can be effective in fighting tumors with specific genetic abnormalities. Immunotherapy drugs enlist the body’s immune system to fight cancer cells.

Because it grows more aggressively, small-cell lung cancer often is treated with systemic chemotherapy, often in combination with radiation therapy or certain immunotherapy drugs.

Lung Cancer Team

Leading-edge Care and Research

  • Regional leader in cancer research: With access to over 170 clinical trials, patients can join locally many of the same leading-edge studies that are available at larger centers. We are a research destination with enrolled patients who come from over 20 different U.S. states and two foreign countries.
  • Specialized expertise leading innovation: Our board-certified and fellowship-trained oncologists are subspecialized, allowing them to lead the way in advancing cancer treatment through innovative clinical trials and groundbreaking research.
  • We’re here when you need us: With same- or next-day appointments for newly diagnosed patients, valet parking and multiple locations across Kentucky and Southern Indiana, access to quality oncology care is our top priority.
  • Highly specialized testing and precision medicine: Our state-of-the-art Norton Cancer Institute Genomics Lab offers highly specialized testing that makes it possible to diagnose and treat cancer more precisely and to tailor advanced treatments based on a tumor’s specific genetic composition.
  • One-stop shop for care: Multidisciplinary care settings allow patients to schedule appointments with multiple specialists across Norton Healthcare on the same day and in the same location, making your cancer care more convenient and streamlined. This often saves patients the hassle of scheduling multiple appointments and planning for extra travel time.
  • Highly accredited: Norton Cancer Institute is accredited by the American College of Surgeons Commission on Cancer, National Accreditation Program for Breast Centers, and the American College of Radiology.

Care Designed With You in Mind

  • Robust support services: With five Norton Cancer Institute Resource Centers throughout Louisville and Southern Indiana, a patient navigator program, Behavioral Oncology Program, classes and events, art and music therapy, genetic counseling, nutrition services, financial counseling and more, our support team cares not just for the body, but the person within.
  • Insurance coverage: Medicare, Medicaid and most major commercial insurance plans are accepted.
  • Specialty pharmacy services: At Norton Specialty Pharmacy, patients receive regular consultations on their medications and treatment plan, making sure they get their prescriptions quickly and accurately. Our specialty pharmacists collaborate closely with your oncology team.
  • Ease of communication with your care team: Use your free Norton MyChart account to communicate with your provider, view appointments, refill prescriptions, get on the waitlist for an earlier appointment and more, anytime from a mobile device or computer
  • The Norton Healthcare Foundation, the philanthropic arm of Norton Healthcare’s not-for-profit adult-care services, continuously supports the purchase of new equipment, programs, education and funding of research to ensure our patients stay up to date with medical advances and technology.

Awards and Accreditations

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